Use
One-Click Command#
Real-time sync, no delay. Recommended for use in Chinese mainland network environments.
1-hour sync delay.
bash <(curl -sSL https://gitee.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh) --en --abroad
Real-time sync, no delay. Recommended for use in Chinese mainland network environments.
bash <(curl -sSL https://raw.gitcode.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh) --en --abroad
1-hour sync delay.
Usage Help
The tabs represent the built-in mirror site types and script sources. Please check whether your target mirror site supports your operating system before use. You can check in the Mirror List.
By default, the original mirror configuration will be automatically backed up. For more details, see the documentation below. If you are confused by some options during use, just press Enter all the way after selecting the mirror, which is the best practice.
It supports use in abnormal environments such as when the original system software source is damaged, missing, or invalid. There is no need to install any additional dependencies.
About Mirror Selection (Must Read for New Users)
If you are not familiar with these mirrors, it is recommended to use Aliyun (high compatibility, strong availability)
or USTC (fast speed)
. Don't worry about speed tests, the built-in mirrors generally do not differ much.
This project script is an automated operation and maintenance tool. It does not subjectively rank or customize mirrors. User choice should be free, which is also to better continue the spirit of open source software.
-
Run the script as
ROOT
user
Switch command:
sudo -i
orsu root
. Different systems use different commands because some systems do not set a password for the ROOT account during initial installation (such as Ubuntu) or the system disables ROOT login by default. -
It is recommended to use a modern
SSH
client
If your terminal displays garbled Chinese, you will not be able to see the interactive content. Some GUI terminal apps may have unpredictable display issues. Some systems automatically enable SSH service; otherwise, see how to enable SSH.
-
If running the script for the first time on a new system
The script relies on
curl
to fetch content, but some systems do not preinstall this package, resulting inCommand not found
errors. See About Command not found below for installation. The script itself is unrelated tocurl
orwget
and does not download any content. -
Interactive configuration is required during script execution
Use arrow keys UpDownLeftRight or WASD to control options and press Enter to confirm. If interaction is abnormal, try resizing the terminal window and avoid full screen.
FAQ#
-
About Command not found error#
This error is caused by the system not having the
curl
package installed. Install it as follows:Debian
Ubuntu
Kali
Linux Mint
Deepin
Zorin OS
Armbian
Proxmox VE
Raspberry Pi OS
openKylin
For new systems, run
apt-get update
first.Red Hat Enterprise Linux
CentOS
Rocky Linux
AlmaLinux
Fedora
openEuler
OpenCloudOS
Anolis OS
Can't install? (Click to see more solutions)
If your system's original mirror is invalid and you can't install
curl
, here are some emergency ways to fetch the script online:Works for most systems (except
Alpine Linux
). Ifpython3
is missing, trypython
.Usually, systems without
curl
also lackwget
, so this may not work.If you have GUI access, open the link in a browser to download the script. Many systems preinstall Firefox.
Then run the script:
If none of these work, copy the source code to a new
.sh
file and run it withbash
. -
Backup of original mirrors#
The script automatically backs up the original mirror configuration. The backup path is the original file or directory with
.bak
appended, e.g.,/etc/apt/sources.list => /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
. If a backup exists, you will be prompted whether to overwrite it. -
Restore backed up mirrors#
Debian
Ubuntu
Kali
Linux Mint
Deepin
Zorin OS
Armbian
Proxmox VE
Raspberry Pi OS
openKylin
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
CentOS
Rocky Linux
AlmaLinux
Fedora
openEuler
OpenCloudOS
Anolis OS
-
How to enable SSH remote login#
The commands and steps are for reference only and only cover some common distributions.
-
Check if
SSH
service is installedIf this folder does not exist, SSH is not installed. Install the
openssh
package with your package manager.
Note that package names may differ; you can useopenssh*
as a wildcard. -
Allow Root login
-
Enable password authentication
-
Start/restart
SSH
serviceService names may differ; if not
sshd
, tryssh
.
-
-
No arrow key interactive UI#
If you see a text input instead of the new arrow key UI, install the
ncurses
ornano
package. The new interaction relies on thetput
command. -
About disabled repositories#
Many systems have multiple repositories. The script follows the system default. Disabled repositories will not be enabled after running the script, but their URLs will be updated. To enable them:
By default,
deb-src
andproposed
are disabled. Uncomment the relevant lines in/etc/apt/sources.list
to enable.Debian
Ubuntu
Kali
Linux Mint
Deepin
Zorin OS
Armbian
Proxmox VE
Raspberry Pi OS
openKylin
Some repos are disabled by default. Set
enabled=1
in the relevant repo files under/etc/yum.repos.d
.Red Hat Enterprise Linux
CentOS
Rocky Linux
AlmaLinux
Fedora
openEuler
OpenCloudOS
Anolis OS
Some repos are disabled by default. Set
enabled=1
in the relevant repo files under/etc/zypp/repos.d
. -
Other#
About the script's online location
The project uses GitHub Action to automatically copy the source code to the docs directory after each commit for website publishing. The site is hosted on Netlify, with almost no risk of hijacking.
You can also use the raw address from the code repository. This is just to explain why there are several different addresses; the default official site address is easier to remember and access.
About mirror download speed
First, see the recommendations in the Mirror List usage help. These are based on experience, but some users still worry about speed.
The network latency (
Ping
) of a mirror is not directly related to download speed. Distance does not equal experience. Some mirrors have high bandwidth but poor speed due to load strategies.There are many open source speed test scripts written in C or Python. This project is written in Bash Shell and does not depend on third-party libraries. Bash is the most common scripting language for Linux operations and is preinstalled on most distributions, so users can run it directly without installing anything. This convenience cannot be replaced by other languages. However, Bash scripts may not easily achieve accurate speed testing; using other languages for this is reinventing the wheel.
About software source selection
Many people may wonder, "Since scripts are so convenient and highly automated, why can't we automatically select the optimal software source?" It's not that it can't be done, but that it can't be done.
"Software source selection" here refers to the script automatically selecting a software source with the best experience based on the client's network environment and location. This question needs to be addressed from multiple perspectives:
-
Speed
As explained above, in summary, the pursuit of speed isn't a universal requirement. For most people, it's simply not noticeable; it's enough to get it working. Moreover, many Linux distributions now offer good speeds without switching sources.
-
Regarding mirror sites themselves
To give a simple example, Alibaba Cloud mirror sites were once considered the top choice due to their high speed and availability. However, as the number of users increased, their speeds became increasingly slower, sometimes even below 10 Mbps.
Over time, mirror sites with large user bases may not be able to handle the high traffic, resulting in a poor user experience. Mirror sites with fewer users may eventually close, which is detrimental to the development of the entire ecosystem. -
From Developer's Perspective
This project aims to develop a universal repository switching script from the perspective of an operations and maintenance tool, rather than a tool that specifically addresses software repository requirements. The script's default behavior should be suitable for the majority of users. As an operations and maintenance tool, it should have a clear functional positioning. As a script, its pros and cons should be carefully considered from multiple perspectives, including scalability, practicality, and portability. The choice of software repository should be fully vested in the user.
-
Command Options (Advanced Usage)#
Command options(name/meaning/value):
--abroad Use overseas mirrors none
--edu Use China education network mirrors none
--source Specify mirror address (domain or IP) address
--source-epel Specify EPEL repository address (domain or IP) address
--source-security Specify Debian/Ubuntu security repo address (domain or IP) address
--source-vault Specify CentOS/AlmaLinux vault repo address (domain or IP) address
--source-portage Specify Gentoo portage repo address (domain or IP) address
--source-base-system Specify Linux Mint/Raspberry Pi OS base system repo address (domain or IP) address
--branch Specify mirror repository (repo name) repo name
--branch-epel Specify EPEL repository (path) repo name
--branch-security Specify Debian security repo (path) repo name
--branch-vault Specify CentOS/AlmaLinux vault repo (path) repo name
--branch-portage Specify Gentoo portage repo (path) repo name
--branch-base-system Specify Linux Mint/Raspberry Pi OS base system repo (path) repo name
--codename Specify Debian/openKylin codename codename
--protocol Specify web protocol http or https
--use-intranet-source Prefer intranet mirror address true or false
--use-official-source Use official mirror of target OS true or false
--use-official-source-epel Use official EPEL repo true or false
--install-epel Install EPEL repository true or false
--backup Backup original mirrors true or false
--upgrade-software Upgrade packages true or false
--clean-cache Clean cache after upgrade true or false
--clean-screen Clear screen before running true or false
--lang Specify the language of the script output language
--only-epel Only switch EPEL repo none
--ignore-backup-tips Ignore backup overwrite prompt none
--print-diff Print diff before and after modification none
--pure-mode Pure mode, minimal output none
--help Show help menu none
Name | Meaning | Value |
---|---|---|
--abroad |
Use overseas mirrors | none |
--edu |
Use China education network mirrors | none |
--source |
Specify mirror address (domain or IP) | address |
--source-epel |
Specify EPEL repository address (domain or IP) | address |
--source-security |
Specify Debian/Ubuntu security repo address (domain or IP) | address |
--source-vault |
Specify CentOS/AlmaLinux vault repo address (domain or IP) | address |
--source-portage |
Specify Gentoo portage repo address (domain or IP) | address |
--source-base-system |
Specify Linux Mint/Raspberry Pi OS base system repo address (domain or IP) | address |
--branch |
Specify mirror repository (path) | repo name |
--branch-epel |
Specify EPEL repository (path) | repo name |
--branch-security |
Specify Debian security repo (path) | repo name |
--branch-vault |
Specify CentOS/AlmaLinux vault repo (path) | repo name |
--branch-portage |
Specify Gentoo portage repo (path) | repo name |
--branch-base-system |
Specify Linux Mint/Raspberry Pi OS base system repo (path) | repo name |
--codename |
Specify Debian/openKylin codename | codename |
--protocol |
Specify web protocol | http or https |
--use-intranet-source |
Prefer intranet mirror address | true or false |
--use-official-source |
Use official mirror of target OS | true or false |
--use-official-source-epel |
Use official EPEL repo | true or false |
--install-epel |
Install EPEL repository | true or false |
--backup |
Backup original mirrors | true or false |
--upgrade-software |
Upgrade packages | true or false |
--clean-cache |
Clean cache after upgrade | true or false |
--clean-screen |
Clear screen before running | true or false |
--lang |
Specify the language of the script output | language id (see docs below) |
--only-epel |
Only switch EPEL repo | none |
--ignore-backup-tips |
Ignore backup overwrite prompt | none |
--print-diff |
Print diff before and after modification | none |
--pure-mode |
Pure mode, minimal output | none |
--help |
Show help menu | none |
Full mirror format:
<Web protocol>://<mirror address (domain or IP)>/<repo path>
Below are some advanced usage examples
-
Specify mirror address#
-
Specify mirror repository directory#
The repository here refers to the directory after the mirror site address, i.e., the repository directory on the mirror site. Although all are called repositories, it is easy to confuse.
Main scenario: The target mirror site has a corresponding system repository but does not match the default rule in this script.
Default repo names for each OS (click to expand)
The script does not adapt to unique repo names of a single mirror site for compatibility.
Example:
Use Aliyun mirror for Rocky Linuxbash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en \ --source mirrors.aliyun.com \ --branch rockylinux
The repository directory name for Rocky Linux on Aliyun is
rockylinux
, not the defaultrocky
, but you can override the default rule with the command option.Some systems configure multiple repos at once. See command options for details.
Since the repo path is appended to the mirror address, you can use multi-level paths, e.g.,
--branch "linux/debian"
->https://mirrors.example.com/linux/debian
-
Switch EPEL repo only#
EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux) is an additional repo maintained by Fedora, mainly for Red Hat-based distributions except Fedora itself. Configuring EPEL is a common need and is recommended by default.
Sometimes your desired mirror does not have EPEL. You can skip EPEL during the first run and then run:
For EPEL 7 (EOL), use the
archive
repo. For overseas networks, use--use-official-source-epel true
to use the official repo. -
Restore official mirrors#
If you accidentally deleted the backup of the official mirror, use this command to restore. This skips mirror selection.
Some systems (e.g.,
Arch Linux
) have no official mirror, so Aliyun will be used as a fallback. -
Usage examples for specific systems#
-
About CentOS EOL#
The script adapts to EOL CentOS 7/8 and CentOS Stream 8.
-
Chinese mainland
Use the script as usual, no additional steps are required. As most mirror sites in Chinese mainland have already synchronized the
CentOS Vault
repository. -
International
Use
Tencent Cloud
orAliyun
mirrors, or use--use-official-source true
for the official repo.
EPEL 7 is also EOL and is supported by the script.
-
-
Specify GNU/Linux Debian Security repo#
For maximum security, use the official repo due to mirror sync delays.
-
Specify Debian-based codename#
Usually for switching system versions. Example:
-
Change version code
-
Disable the backports repository
-
Upgrade the system
-
After the upgrade is complete and the system is rebooted, perform the following steps
-
-
Switch Ubuntu EOL version mirrors#
EOL means End Of Life. Non-LTS Ubuntu versions are supported for only 9 months. Old versions are removed from the main repo and may require using the
Ubuntu Old Releases
repo.See the official Wiki for version support and check each mirror for
Ubuntu Old Releases
support. -
Arch Linux use Chinese community repo#
This script does not support this extra repo. For reference, use:
-
-
I18n (Internationalization)#
The script provides multi-language support. Currently, there are three built-in display languages:
简体中文
、繁體中文
、English
. The default is简体中文
. -
Unattended (Automation)#
To run without interaction, use at least the following options. Recommended for experienced users.
Example Commandbash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en \ --source mirror.example.com \ --protocol http \ --use-intranet-source false \ --install-epel true \ --backup true \ --upgrade-software false \ --clean-cache false \ --ignore-backup-tips
If you get an "invalid option" error, check the option validity and whitespace encoding. Each option is written on a separate line for readability.
-
Pure mode#
This feature is introduced to facilitate the use of developers and operation and maintenance personnel. After it is enabled, the script content output will be simplified. It is recommended to use it with other command options without interaction.
Scrolling command logs may have unpredictable display issues, but no problems have been found so far.
Customizing the Script#
If you are a developer of another project and want to create a custom script based on this project, refer to the following. Some maintainers of China education network mirrors have already done so.
- It is not recommended to modify the core logic. Keep in sync with the upstream source code. The script execution order is controlled by the
main
function and is clear. - You can simply remove irrelevant content, e.g., clear the mirror list arrays
mirror_list_(default|edu|abroad|extranet|intranet)
, e.g.,mirror_list_default=()
- To customize script output, modify the
run_start
,run_end
, andprint_title
functions. - To add custom shell content, see the execution order in
main
. Insert content directly or encapsulate in a function. - To reduce script size, delete unnecessary content. Besides the mirror lists, you can remove some modules:
- Keep the original structure; empty out the function bodies if not needed.
- Remove unused OS repo content
gen_repo_files_xxx
, which takes up over 60% of the script. - Remove unused feature modules, e.g.,
handle_command_options
,backup_original_mirrors
,upgrade_software
. - Remove unnecessary language packs, for example:
function msg_pack_en() {}
- Main configuration is controlled by unified variables, as are command options. These global variables are all uppercase and use underscores. See the table below. Declare them at the top of the script (reserved comment area) for quick customization.
Variable list (click to expand)
Variable | Meaning | Value Type |
---|---|---|
SOURCE |
Specify mirror address (domain or IP) | address |
SOURCE_EPEL |
Specify EPEL repo address (domain or IP) | address |
SOURCE_SECURITY |
Specify Debian/Ubuntu security repo address (domain or IP) | address |
SOURCE_VAULT |
Specify CentOS/AlmaLinux vault repo address (domain or IP) | address |
SOURCE_PORTAGE |
Specify Gentoo portage repo address (domain or IP) | address |
SOURCE_BASE_SYSTEM |
Specify Linux Mint/Raspberry Pi OS base system repo address (domain or IP) | address |
SOURCE_BRANCH |
Specify mirror repo (path) | repo name |
SOURCE_EPEL_BRANCH |
Specify EPEL repo (path) | repo name |
SOURCE_SECURITY_BRANCH |
Specify Debian security repo (path) | repo name |
SOURCE_VAULT_BRANCH |
Specify CentOS/AlmaLinux vault repo (path) | repo name |
SOURCE_PORTAGE_BRANCH |
Specify Gentoo portage repo (path) | repo name |
SOURCE_BASE_SYSTEM_BRANCH |
Specify Linux Mint/Raspberry Pi OS base system repo (path) | repo name |
DEBIAN_CODENAME |
Specify Debian/openKylin codename | codename |
USE_INTRANET_SOURCE |
Prefer intranet mirror address | true or false |
USE_OFFICIAL_SOURCE |
Use official mirror of target OS | true or false |
USE_OFFICIAL_SOURCE_EPEL |
Use official EPEL repo | true or false |
WEB_PROTOCOL |
Specify Web protocol | http or https |
INSTALL_EPEL |
Install EPEL repository | true or false |
ONLY_EPEL |
Only switch EPEL repo | true or false |
BACKUP |
Backup original mirrors | true or false |
IGNORE_BACKUP_TIPS |
Ignore backup overwrite prompt | true or false |
UPGRADE_SOFTWARE |
Upgrade packages | true or false |
CLEAN_CACHE |
Clean cache after upgrade | true or false |
CLEAN_SCREEN |
Clear screen before running | true or false |
PRINT_DIFF |
Print diff before and after modification | true or false |
PURE_MODE |
Pure mode, minimal output | true or false |
Some variables have defaults. Unused variables do not need to be declared as empty strings. If a configuration is missing, interaction may occur.